World War II Research Essay Topics

Students are often required to write a paper on a topic as broad as World War II, but you should know that the instructor will expect you to narrow your focus to a specific thesis. This is especially true if you are in high school or college. Narrow your focus by making a list of words, much like the list of words and phrases that are presented in bold type below. Then begin to explore related questions, like those that follow the words in this list and come up with your own cool WWII topics. The answer to questions like these can become a good starting point of a thesis statement. Culture and People When the US entered into war, everyday life across the country changed drastically. From civil rights, racism, and resistance movements to basic human needs like food, clothing, and medicine, the aspects of how life was impacted are immense. African-Americans and rights. What impact did the war years have on the rights of African-Americans? What were they allowed or not allowed to do?Animals. How were horses, dogs, birds, or other animals used? Did they play a special role?Art. What art movements were inspired by wartime events? Is there one specific work of art that tells a story about the war?Clothing. How was fashion impacted? How did clothing save lives or hinder movement? What materials were used or not used?Domestic violence. Was there an increase or a decrease?Families. Did new family customs develop? What was the impact on children of soldiers?Fashion. Did fashion change significantly for civilians? What changes had to be made during wartime?Food preservation. What new preservation and packaging methods occurred during and after the war? How was this helpful?Food rationing. How did rationing impact families? Were rations always the same for different groups of people? Were soldiers affected by rations?Love letter s. What do letters tell us about relationships, families, and friendships? What about gender roles?New words. What new vocabulary words emerged during and after WWII?Nutrition. Were there battles that were lost or won because of the foods available? How did nutrition change at home during the war because of the availability of certain products?Penicillin and other medicine. How was penicillin used? What medical developments occurred during and after the war?Resistance movements. How did families deal with living in an occupied territory?Sacrifices. How did family life change?Womens work at home. How did womens work change at home during the war? What about after the war ended? Economy and Workforce For a nation that was still recovering from the Great Depression, World War II had a major impact on this countrys economy and workforce. When the war began, the fate of the workforce changed; overnight, American factories were repurposed to produce goods to support the war effort and women took on jobs that were traditionally held by men, who were now off to war. Advertising. How did food packaging change during the war? How did advertisements change in general? What were the advertisements for?Occupations. What new jobs were created? Who filled these new roles? Who filled the roles that were previously held by many of the men who went off to war?Propaganda. How did society respond to the war? Do you know why?Toys. How did the war impact the toys that were manufactured?New products. What products were invented and became a part of popular culture? Were these products present only during war times, or did they exist after? Military, Government, and War Americans were mostly against entering the war up until the bombing of Pearl Harbor, after which support for the war grew, as did armed forces. Before the war, the US didnt have the large military forces it soon became known for, with the war resulting in 16 million entering the service. The role the military played in the war, and the impacts of the war itself, were vast. Americas entry into the war. How is the timing significant? What factors are not so well known?Churchill, Winston. What role did this leader play that interests you most? How did his background prepare him for his role?Clandestine operations. Governments went to great lengths to hide the true date, time, and place of their actions.Destruction. Many historic cities and sites were destroyed in the U.K.—Liverpool, Manchester, London, and Coventry—and in other nations.Hawaii. How did events impact families or society in general?The Holocaust. Do you have access to any personal stories?Italy. What special circumstances were in effect?Kilroy was here. Why was this phrase important to  soldiers?  Nationalist Socialist movement in America. What impact has this movement had in society and government since WWII?Political impact. How was your local town impacted politically and socially?POW camps after the war. Where were they and what happened to them after the war? Heres a s tarting point: Some were turned into race tracks after the war!Prisoners of war. How many POWs were there? How many made it home safely? What were some long-lasting effects?Spies. Who were the spies? Were they men or women? What side were they on? What happened to spies who were caught?Submarines. Were there enemy submarines on a coast near you? What role did submarines play in the war?Surviving an attack. How were military units attacked? How did it feel to jump from a plane that was disabled?Troop logistics. How were troop movements kept secret? What were some challenges of troop logistics?Views on freedom. How was freedom curtailed or expanded?Views on governments role. Where was the governments role expanded? What about governments elsewhere?War crime trials. How were trials conducted? What were the political challenges or consequences? Who was or wasnt tried?Weather. Were there battles that were lost or won because of the weather conditions? Were there places where people suffe red more because of the weather?Women in warfare. What roles did women play during the war? What surprises you about womens work in World War II? Technology and Transportation With the war came advancements in technology and transportation, impacting communications capabilities, the spread of news, and even entertainment. Bridges and roads. What transportation-related developments came from wartime or postwar policies?Communication. How did radio or other types of communication impact key events?Motorcycles. What needs to be led to the development of folding motorcycles? Why was there widespread use of military motorcycles by the government?Technology. What technology came from the war, and how was it used after the war?TV technology. When did televisions start to appear in homes, and what is significant about the timing? What TV shows were inspired by the war, and how realistic were they? How long did World War II affect TV programming?Jet engine technology. What advances can be traced to WWII needs?Radar. What role did radar play, if any?Rockets. How important was rocket technology?Shipbuilding achievements. The achievements were quite remarkable during the war. Why and how did this happen?

Essay on A Rose for Emily Setting Analysis - 582 Words

A Rose for Emily Setting Analysis In A Rose for Emily, a woman (for whom the story is named) confines herself in her somewhat large house in a small town during the early half of the twentieth century. For the most part, in order to understand the entirety of the story, it is vital to understand the setting and how each character develops it, and,or, interacts with it. As far as the town is concerned, it is very isolated and the people seem to value this quality, as well as the lack of progression in social change, most. There is also a great deal of gossip that regularly circulates about the towns people with great interest. All this was best implied in the comment, At first we were glad that Miss Emily would have an†¦show more content†¦Of course, the bold commentary on Emilys, or anyones, personal life definitely implies that gossip is a daily activity for the people about town. Emilys house is where Emily spent most of her life in isolation after the death of her father. Externally, it is considered to be an eyesore among eyesores(716) It is amongst cotton gins and that were put up after homes that previously resided on the street had since been moved out. Her house is basically the picture of decay amongst the newer buildings. This could possibly signify Emilys position in the town, or the towns position in the rest of the world. On one hand, the town is small and isolated, but on the other hand, Emily has isolated herself entirely from the rest of the town and seems to cling to her past even more so than the town itself. The interior of Emilys house ...smelled of dust and disuse -- a close, dank smell(716). When the houses parlor was seen by some rare guests, it was described by the narrarator as ...furnished in heavy, leather covered furniture...the leather was cracked; and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs spinning with slow motes in the single sun-ray. People rarely set foot into this house, at Emilys discretion, so there is a sort of deadness and decay within it that seems to match its owner who ... looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, andShow MoreRelatedSetting Analysis of the Story a Rose for Emily1007 Words   |  5 PagesAn analysis of the setting of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner’s William Faulkner is one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. Although he was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 he moved to Oxford, Mississippi before his fifth birthday. Faulkner belonged to a once-wealthy family of former plantation owners (eNotes.com, Inc., 2012). He spent his boyhood hunting and fishing in and around Lafayette County (eNotes.com, Inc., 2012). 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In Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† the setting is raised to the symbolic level. When the outside portrayal does not correspond to what is happening inside the character

Moving to a New State Essay Example For Students

Moving to a New State Essay Taking a risk can be a challenge. One of the most difficult risks I have taken was moving out of state from Greenwood, Mississippi to Dallas, Texas, far away from my family. It has always been hard for me to move away from home, but I decided that it will help me meet new people, further my education, get out of bad habits and change the way I think situations will turn out. New situations are always scary to me, especially meeting new people. When I first arrived to Dallas, I had grasped that I was in a place where every face was unfamiliar to me. While I fretfully waited for the instructions for my dorm room and classroom schedule, many people asked me where I was from. I told them I was from Mississippi and they all looked favorably shocked. Once I lazily settled into my dorm, I was told that there was a meeting so I waited until time had passed by to go. During the meeting, we were told briefly to introduce ourselves. I had met at least seven people and they were all pleasant and generous to me. I had learned that the students were from all across the world. The first day was very challenging. We were assigned a test. I was heated and confuse on what we could possibly have a test about. I had to knowingly study during the weekend on the information that I learned about the school. Everything that surrounded me was a test. For instance, the name of one of the buildings was â€Å"Isabell and Comer Cottrell Student Union Building,† and I had to know that from every word. We were expected to memorize three encouraging poems and read one fiction book within a week. I thought that the professor was being witty toward us, but he was very stern wanted us to become better individuals. That is when I knew that I had to work extremely hard. I always had the impulsion of not conversing with strangers . Speaking in class was a portion of our grades. We had to always raise our hands and ask logical questions in order to get a grade. The new environment I was in caused me to be reticent. My classmate would ask me what my name was and I would always be wary about it. â€Å"Why are you so shy? people would always ask. I would only shrug at them. I knew that being so timid could have a big effect on my grades. So, I decided to conquer my anxiety of being shy and I have to say-it felt good! Acceptance was not truly easy for me. I mistakenly believed that the other students were brushing me aside (not talking to me). I would think so hypercritically towards the point that I was not capable of making friends. At breakfast and lunch, you will constantly see me alone. But then, I realized that I was responsible for not making friends. Eventually, I began having a friendly conversation with other students and bonded with them. My considerations had suddenly changed. I had made new friends who coincided with me. Packing up and leaving home was a straining task. I did learn that my risks will only get me so far in life, and it does not matter how hard life may seem, moving on is possible. Taking the risk of leaving home gave me new friends, smart teachers, a chance to break my habit, and it showed me that I was being too rational.

Factors Influencing Corporate Disclosure Transparency †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Factors Influencing Corporate Disclosure Transparency. Answer: Introduction Qantas Airways Limited popularly known as The Flying Kangaroo was established in the year 1920 and is the largest airline in the present scenario when it comes to the fleet size, as well as international destinations. Qantas has reached a great height owing to the strong staff and the manner in which it had managed to associate with its customers. The strong business and the remuneration have led to a big improvement in the overall business thereby providing a strong competition to the Air New Zealand Ltd and Virgin Blue Airlines Pty Ltd. In the report, the major emphasis will be on the concept of executive remuneration followed by a discussion on the global financial crisis. It can be seen from the annual report of Qantas Ltd that the managers and executives remuneration is being disclosed in the Remuneration Report together with the processes of analyzing their performances. Further, the non-executive directors are allowed travel and superannuation entitlements that are regarded as standard and reasonable in nature. Besides, unlike managers and executives, such non-executive directors do not receive any remuneration based on performance (Titman et. al, 2016). Besides, since 2015 and 2016 was a fabulous year for the company, it endeavored in enhancing the customers experiences. This can be proved by the fact that under the Qantas Transformation Program, the company surpassed its commitments and has obtained a phenomenal financial outcome wherein over $1 billion was returned to the shareholders (Qantas, 2016). This, in turn, resulted in an increment in both the fixed and variable remuneration outcomes of the company. Moreover, in relation to such variable remuneration, the remuneration outcomes of such managers and executives clearly align with that of the companys performance and the establishment of shareholder value (Bushman Piotroski, 2006). Owing to their contribution in attaining such outcomes, the company also paid annual incentives to the executive management and the CEO. This is further evaluated based on the STIP (Short-term Incentive Plan) report card of their non-financial and financial performance targets. The Board played a vital role in this regard, as it attempted in evaluating and reviewing the performance of the managers and executives and thereafter, concluded that their actions were relevant in the attainment of such maximized targets. Nonetheless, the remuneration of the CEO is directly associated with the company performance under both long-term incentive and annual incentive plans. However, in Qantas, annual incentives are only provided based on the Boards observation that the company and its executives have performed effectively in the market. In contrast to this, long-term incentives are only provided to the managers and executives when the financial performance of the company has been effectively strong and three-year performance challenges are adequately met. This is clearly observable from the Remuneration Outcome History of the CEO (Qantas, 2016). Further, in relation to indicators that allow the Board in determining the remuneration of managers and executives, it attracts, retains, and awards the capable team of executives, encourages them to address the unique challenges encountered by the company, and thereafter, link their remuneration with that of their own performance and companys performance as a wh ole (Davies Crawford, 2012). Further, in order to achieve this, the remuneration of executives is set in relation to the nature and size of their roles and their individual performances in such role. These indicators assist the company in rewarding the executives based on their performances. Since, the reward of executives is directly associated with the financial performance, business motives, and executives performance as a whole, the system of such remuneration cannot be held as unreasonable. Further, this system of remuneration allows the company to assist a culture of shared ownership of executives and align the interests of such executives with that of the shareholders. For instance, if the non-cyclical income of the company had not enhanced because of its loyalty diversification measure, a healthy profit could not be gained and that would have directly prevented in awarding the executives and managers. The performance of Qantas is provided in the annual report and along with that, the incentives of the executives have been clearly laid down indicating a string transparency in the payments. The main aim of the framework of the executive compensation is to attract, retain and reward the team for the performance. It is clearly indicated that the pay opportunity is in tune with the performance of Qantas. Global Financial crisis The GFC happened to owe to innumerable flaws and deficiencies on the internal control and weak management system. The event leads to bankruptcy and eroded the wealth of the investors. There were various complications that played a vital role in the crisis. The issue of incentives, improper details, interest conflict, etc were the paramount ones. Further, the other factor like unethical behavior and incentive were the major ones in enhancing the risk. Firstly, the major problem occurred is in tune to the executive compensation. This system along with the accounting rules of the bank played a major role in providing data that were misguiding in nature. Further, the executives those are paid through stock options have an incentive to increase the market value of the share by increasing the profits that are reported instead of increasing the true profits (Bajaj, 2008). There was a wrong offset when it came to stock options and ultimately leads to worsening of the issue. Secondly, securitization was a major problem in this regard. The sub-prime mortgage leads to heavy concerns in the system of information where the mortgages were taken by the investment banks and then sold to other banks and the remaining is left to operate on the balance sheet (Barrell Davies, 2008). In totality, the complications of the product lead to a huge problem in the due course of time. There was widespread impact on the overall economy and the GFC led to serious trouble in various manners. The risk spread to various other countries and the major impact was observed on the banks. The spread that was created by the banks on the swaps showcased a significant fall. Secondly, the crisis led to a huge liquidity issue and was an eye opener on the part of the authorities. The investors invested huge sums in the illiquid market during heavy volatility (Coy, 2016). However, low level of liquidity can raise the huge issue and is a potential risk to the overall system. Therefore, the GFC brought the liquidity issue to the forefront and the investors faced a potential problem in this regard. In totality, the demand for goods and services led to a huge decline. Moreover, there was a strong decline in the oil prices from US$ 147/b to US$42.95/b. Therefore, the GFC led to a negative trend in the economies of various countries and the GDP rate fell considerably (Giles, 2009). Overa ll, the stock market plunged to a huge low creating liquidity issues and huge losses for the investors. Linking executive remuneration contribute to the Global Financial Crisis When it comes to Qantas, it has massive advances in the area pertaining to economic and technology. Such areas have been responded in a fair manner through adaptation and setting up of a milestone for the industry. Qantas has taken a strong stand in terms of sustainability by looking after the environment, enhancing the shareholder value and looking after the community. The investment of Qantas in digital and data capability has created Better Avenue for the customers through the process of personalization and influencing the efficiencies in the operations. Further, it has broadened the earnings of the group beyond the area of aviation (Samaha Dahaway, 2010). The practice of aligning executive remuneration in the United States played a key role in the emergence of global financial crisis. The major suspect in this regard can be attributed to the fact that such remuneration policies incentivized the top executives of the United States in taking excessive risks, thereby enabling them to precipitate the collapse of the entire financial system. Further, according to an article in 1990, it was shown that the major trouble with that of the American corporate is that the remuneration system of the top executives is entirely independent of performance. In simple words, the CEOs of America were paid on a huge scale that clearly granted them the position of bureaucrats. This means that instead of taking steps to enhance goodwill and value-maximization in the market, the CEOs clearly took advantage of such remuneration system and as a result, disturbed the entire economical system of U.S. The linkage of executive remuneration played a major role in encouraging the stipulation of misguiding information. Further, in 1990, stock options became the major component in relation to remuneration of executives. Such executives who attained remuneration through stock options obtained the incentive to maximize the value of market shares by enhancing the reported incomes instead of enhancing the real income. Moreover, even though the Sarbanes-Oxley Act assisted in addressing some concerns, yet the stock option concerns were not adequately addressed (Coy, 2016). Hence, the inaccurate offset of stock options played a vital role in an inappropriate enlightenment of costs to their shareholders. This further provides strong incentives to the executives in spending unreasonable remuneration through the scheme of stock options, but in reality, this practice also resulted in the motivation of immoral accounting policies within the United States. Besides, this policy also enables the executives in involving only in the profits and discarding the losses. Therefore, this results in the provision of incentives to such executives in the maximum adoption of risks. Nevertheless, this may have assisted the companies in the US in gathering more revenues in the short-run but major losses had to be encountered by many others. On a whole, the practice of accounting framework and maximum risk within the remuneration policy in the United States worsened the entire financial system, thereby resulted in the emergence of global financial crisis (Coy, 2016). Companies like CitiGroup and JP Morgan Chase are some of the banks that became entirely affected because of the emergence of the financial crisis. Furthermore, sometimes it is also argued that the pay formulas in the United States are highly dependent on fairness and morality. This means that the remuneration system of US have been criticized because of such grounds that the system is imp artial in nature. On a whole, it has also been argued that the pay system of executives was framed to provide incentives to the executives that were in turn taken undue advantage of, and as a result, the economic scenario of the US was badly affected. Qantas in their operations is using the concept of predictive analytics to enhance the efficiency of the fuel through 4D flight planning and to end the passengers differences in a rapid manner. For the customer, the company is investing in a booking, travel and a customer support that is enabled digitally and leads to better customization. Further, the enhance the operations the company is launching in new business like financial services, health so that it can cater to a variety of the customer needs (Zeff, 2007). Qantas has undertaken measures to lessen the resources use and focus on the concept of Qantas Future Planet that is a big landmark. It needs to be noted that it is the largest airline to undertake the voluntary carbon offset program in the world. Moreover, Qantas offset all the business travel of the employee and emissions. As a matter of fact, every passenger has the option to join and offset the flight emission. This mitigates climate change, protection of wildlife and environment benefit (Qantas, 2016). It has set a target of 20% reduction in the use of water by 2020 that stress upon the sustainability performance of the company. Further, as a sustainable concept, it has targeted a reduction in the waste to landfill of 30% and even decreasing the electricity by 2030. However, when it comes to beyond 2030 the target stretches to carbon-neutral growth and aims to lessen the emission by 50% by 2050 in contrast to the levels of 2005 (Qantas, 2016). When it comes to Qantas, it has been a major challenge for the company because it operates under huge pressure and external scenario. Going by the target of 20 years it can be said that the company is more inclined towards sustainability and positioning itself towards the benefit of the entire environment (Spiceland et. al, 2011). Going by the sustainability of Qantas, it can be commented that the company has paid heed to the concept of sustainability in a serious manner. The disclosures regarding the environmental safety and other initiatives by the organization clearly project the big role played by Qantas in the safeguard of the organization. The sustainability report provides immense information in terms of their role, plans and the future course of action (Choi Meek, 2011). Hence, the sustainability program of the company is laid in an effective manner and clearly emphasizes that the company is not greedy for reaping profits rather its stress upon the safety of the environment. The overall discussion provides a glimpse that the company is highly active in the remuneration set up and the sustainability issue. It has played a dominating role in providing a strong support to the environment and the people at large. This indicates that Qantas not only hunts for the wealth but also look towards the benefit of the masses. Further, the global financial crisis was an eye-opener and it indicates that the companies and the economy must be careful in the financial dealings. A strong corporate governance along with an internal control mechanism should be the need of the hour. This will help in the prevention of any problem or issue that may arise in the course of action. Further, it needs to be noted that the economy should always have a strong planning to ward off any financial crunch. Conclusion The overall report sheds light on the performance of Qantas and indicates that the company has strong rules for executive remuneration. The fundamentals of the company are strong and that the company has contributed in a huge way to the concept of sustainability. This reflects that the company is not greedy for wealth rather it has strong urge for providing benefits to the society at large. Moreover, the concept of global financial crisis is studied in an in-depth manner that indicates the economy must be strong and should be ready to avert any situation that has adverse effects. References Bajaj, V 2008, Financial Crisis Enters New Phase, viewed 26 September 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/18/business/18markets.html Barrell, R. Davies, P. E 2008, The Evolution of the Financial Crisis 2007-8, National Institute Economic Review, vol. 12, no. 206, pp 5-14. Bushman, R Piotroski, R 2006, Financial reporting incentives for conservative accounting: The influence of legal and political institutions, Journal of Accounting and Economics, vol. 42, pp. 107-148. Choi, R.D Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson. Coy, P 2016, Where the Next Crisis Will Come From, viewed 26 September 2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-20/where-the-next-crisis-will-come-from Davies, T Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Giles, C 2009, Recession to leave permanent scars, viewed 26 September 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/9cedc026-d858-11de-b63a-00144feabdc0 Qantas 2016, Qantas 2016 Annual report accounts, viewed 12 August 2017, https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/corporateGovernance/2016AnnualReport.pdf Samaha, K. Dahaway, K 2010, Factors influencing corporate disclosure transparency, in the active share trading firms: An Explanatory study, Research in Emerging Economies, vol. 10, pp. 87-118. Spiceland, J, Thomas, W Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,University Press. Titman, S, Martin, T, Keown, AJ Martin, JD 2016, Financial management: principles and applications, 7th edn, Pearson Australia, Vic. Zeff, S.A. 2007, Some obstacles to global financial reporting comparability and convergence at a high level of quality, The British Accounting Review, vol. 39, pp. 290302

Titanic free essay sample

This paper analyzes the movie Titanic from a socio-economic point of view. This paper takes a look at the block-busting move Titanic by James Cameron. It acknowledges that the movie was predominantly a love story, but it also had very strong socio-economic under currents. The paper provides an analysis of these dynamics. From the paper: In 1997, Titanic set sail again, this time into movie theaters under the command of writer and director James Cameron. With the exception of a few small poetic licenses, Cameron accurately depicts the historical events leading up to the sinking of Titanic. The main plot of his movie, though, is not about the sinking of the ship per se. Rather, it is about the doomed love affair between two fictional characters, first-class passenger Rose DeWitt Bukater and steerage passenger Jack Dawson. Complicating the story is Rose?s jealous fiance?, millionaire Caledon (?Cal?) Hockley, and Rose?s genteelly impoverished mother, Ruth. We will write a custom essay sample on Titanic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Aside from any dramatic appeal, Cameron?s Titanic is interesting from a number of sociological perspectives. It illustrates social classes, status inconsistencies, and social structures. It presents a vivid ?conflict?-based view of the way the different classes relate to one another. And finally, it offers a look at bureaucracy and at the dangers of groupthink.

How to Make Your Book Review More Critical with an Outline

How to Make Your Book Review More Critical with an Outline How to Make Your Book Review More Critical with an Outline? Setting out to write a critical book review is a daunting task. Something about the word ‘critical’ seems to conjure up scary visions of having to wade through huge tomes of literary theory that threaten to swallow your limited analyzing abilities as a student. A review at the end of the day is supposed to be critical where you share your opinion on a specific topic and it tells the makers or readers your honest opinion on it. There are many reviewers out there, criticizing all kinds of books including fiction and essays, but not all these reviewers or their opinions are valued. At times, it is only because they’re lacking a proper outline and hence are not able to write their thoughts properly. Why Have an Outline for a Critical Book Review? Like any other assignment set by a systematically produced curriculum, a critical book review is also easy. You simply apply a systematic approach and break it into parts. You jot down the essential elements you need to include. Working according to an outline is a great way to accomplish your goals. An outline serves as a systematic tool that will keep you on track. You can always refer to your outline to make sure you are not missing anything. Moreover, we mention some tips on actual critical book review writing, so it’s two birds with one shot. This guide will tell you how to prepare an outline in four easy steps which correspond to the recommended sections. Introduction (1-2 Paragraphs, Half a Page) Like any good piece of writing, start with an introduction. The specific form is up to you, choose a quotation that you liked, a particularly powerful scene in the book, even a personal anecdote which ties into the broader opinion you hold of the book. The goal is to capture the reader’s attention and keep them hooked. Include an overview of the book where you summarize the plot and also present an expression of your overall judgment. Summary (1 Page or about 23 Lines of Typed Text) A summary is a brief discussion of the major themes, concepts, and ideas presented in the book. It is recommended that you write this entirely in your own words. Present a condensed picture of the book. If your summary contains spoilers, make sure you warn your readers about it. Critical Evaluation (3 Pages) The third is an in-depth section which includes the reviewer’s reactions to the thoughts of the author. Most students often find it challenging to be critical, probably because they are under the impression that in order to critique something you have to possess expert-level knowledge. This is an unfortunate opinion that must be dispelled from your mind. Conclusion (1-2 Paragraphs, Half a Page) A short section which shows the overall impression and evaluation arrived at by the reviewer. It can be written in first person if desired and should include: Things which you learned from the book; Whether you would recommend the book to other people. A critique is simply a collection of responses, reactions and thoughts to what you are reading. No one expects you to produce an expert-level critique if you are only a learner. The best way to make this easy is to write down your thoughts and impressions while you are reading the book. Jot down any questions or aspects you like and at the end of your read you will have a significant set of notes that will make the critique a breeze. Here are the aspects that you need to include: Your overall opinion and the reasons behind it. How did the book make you feel? Was the writing able to hold your interest? What was the author trying to communicate? How well- or not- did the author present his or her points, ideas and assumptions? Did you detect any underlying philosophy in the book? Is the author’s view objective? How does the book fit into the context of the course? How useful are the footnotes, index, bibliography etc.? Is the book a useful contribution to the field in general? What are the strengths/weaknesses of the book? Do you have unanswered questions from what book? What would you like to add or remove from the book to make it better? You need to mention these questions in your outline to know what to focus on in your writing. Then, while creating the actual book review, formulate these sections as a properly structured essay that includes topic sentences and logical transitions. These outline guidelines are extremely important because the moment you detail them, you’ll have a clear structure in your head. We hope that they will make your book review as critical as possible (in a good way).

Quality Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Quality Assurance - Essay Example Total quality control thus means that a system is developed and implemented which delineates the procedures, policies, specifications and standardizations to be followed by the entire organization. This system is developed and continuously improved by maintaining a cross- functional viewpoint at all times involving all the departments: the issue of quality thus becomes the concern of all departments, not that of the quality control department alone. This means quality and process manuals need to be rigorously followed, and updated from time to time based on cumulative work experience to improve productivity and quality. Total quality control also means that the organization is specialized and prefers to work with its core strengths, outsourcing peripheral goods and services to other organizations specialized in those areas: a car manufacturer, for instances, focuses on assembling cars and leaves the business of manufacturing machine parts to its suppliers. Outsourcing in this way is geared to improve efficiency, but may go totally wrong if the goods supplied are not the right quality, or run in short supply. This brings us to the issues crucial to just-in-time inventory management strategies, which are indispensable not only in terms of economy and cost cutting, but also crucial in terms of maintaining control over purchase. Just-in-time implies that a company times the purchase of the correct kind and amount of goods or services exactly as and when needed for its production processes: the right material, at the right time, at the right place, and in precisely required amounts, thus eliminating the need for warehousing or other infrastructure. This ensures that a lot of expenses made on storage are eliminated, which is absolutely according to the principles of total quality control that insists on continuous identification and eradication of waste in a company's manufacturing process. Having no inventory to call from, it obviously follows that all the goods procured have to be of a quality level certified for use in the manufacturing process, otherwise the process gets delayed or experiences frequent stoppages. Possible supply shocks also need to be prevented by anticipating changes in demand for the goods required for the process, so that the process does not come to a halt because of lack of material f or processing. Certified quality levels in goods purchased from vendors can only be maintained if the total quality regimen extends to supply quality assurance as well. The organization has to work with various entities such as supply stream managers, internal customers, technical staff, relevant field personnel, and last but absolutely not the least, suppliers. These different groups need to be integrated as part of on-going supply management processes, which may include product and supplier selection, assessment, and providing support in quality and performance improvement. Since the supplier needs to be top-notch with all its goods each and every time, it follows that the purchasing organization would have to invest in training, auditing and testing, and build up a great, long-term relationship with hand-picked vendors. The organization woul

Football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Football - Essay Example What is driving sports in the world is more than just fun. In the new era, sport has become a combination of management, responsibility, skill-development, rivalry, strategy, fitness and many more aspects one can think of as this domain can not be limited or confined to a few principles. Football Stadiums are all over the world and people do not hesitate to fill in the stadiums regardless of what so ever the match is. This sport brings in much revenue as well. A single ticket in Manchester for a match between the famous rivals Manchester United and Arsenal can cost well over 500 which is way above many developing economies' GDP per capita. At this stage, the concept of a "Team" is most important. The word team does not refer only to a group of people combined to accomplish a task rather it is an association of individual who socialize and cope with each other's differences to reach the "maximum" achievable. A team consists of members that have different skills so each can be a specialist in any one desired area. The team members also have complementary skills to coordinate well and imply synergy so as lessen or hide an individual's weakness in that of the team's strength. The highlight of the modern sport is "Football". It is the most popular sport of the world. It has players from all across the world. Lets see what football is and how did it trace its origin. Our predecessors have been accustomed to playing a game/sport that involved kicking the ball around a specified area and targeting a desired point. The issue was that one team had to put the ball through and the other had to stop. In the early times the sport was played by almost every Race, Tribe, Stronghold but the rules varied a lot. So we can say that football has been a global sport for quite a time. The earlier versions were the "Chinese game of cuju" and the "Harpastum" as played by the Romans. The need to develop standardized rules was felt in the mid 19th century as the sport was gaining much popularity and was spreading. The first to come up were the Cambridge Rules as many British schools ought to play the game thus uniformity was required. Research Methodology The research will be based on surveys and short interviews with general people from different areas. Selecting this methodology will bypass any bias present in the research. The problem would be to classify the data into groups and arrange it accordingly. The surveys would be internet based and some site visits. We can easily find Football fans across the world and so it would be feasible if shopping Malls are targeted for this purpose. The survey would consist of small questionnaire placed at the exit of the Mall and the public would be required to just give in a few minutes answering the questions if they are interested. Further at other convenient places, small interviews highlighting the sporting events and globalization of Football will be undertaken by an experienced interviewer such that the results could be analyzed and summarized easily. Selection Feasibility Why have I chosen this topic is because Football requires

Response paper to this qustionIn Candide, what are the various Essay

Response paper to this qustionIn Candide, what are the various attitudes, ideas, and behaviors that Voltaire is lampooning - Essay Example Voltaire's Candide shows the complete transformation of philosophical idelogoly of Pangloss that this is the best of all possible worlds. This may clearly fit to a person someone like Candide who is not aware of the outside world other than his baron's castle. But in reality, world is full of misery and corruption. The change in the mindset of a person depending on the situation is rightly presented throughout the process as he sees corruption and violence all over the world. It must be noticed that Voltaire has criticized the ideology of various characters and has tried to enlighten us about the real world. Candide is an exemplary work by Voltaire as he brings to light the behavior of various characters and criticizes the philosophies and ideologies of various religions like Roman Catholic Church, Islam and others. The idea of free will is questioned by an individual's control over his own destiny. Voltaire criticizes the idea of free will through Candide as a person is predestined to act irrespective of the fact whether he is doing good or evil. The main notion as stated by Pangloss that "there is no effect without a cause' and "we live in the best of all possible worlds and whatever happens is for the best' is strongly ridiculed as there is lot of violence and bloodshed resulting in loss of lives.

Application Of Types Of Lubricant

Application Of Types Of Lubricant A lubricant is a substance (often a liquid) introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the friction between them, improving efficiency and reducing wear. They may also have the function of dissolving or transporting foreign particles and of distributing heat. Basically there are many types of lubricants; solid lubricant, liquid lubricant and gaseous lubricant. They have their own purpose and application. They are as follows: Purposes: Almost all the Lubricants perform the following key functions. Keep moving parts apart Reduce friction Transfer heat Carry away contaminants debris Transmit power Protect against wear Prevent corrosion Seal for gasses Stop the risk of smoke and fire of objects Applications: Application of Semisolid and Solid Lubricants Grease lubricants are semisolid and have several important advantages: They resist being squeezed out, they are useful under heavy load conditions and in inaccessible parts where the supply of lubricant cannot easily be renewed, and they tend to form a crust that prevents the entry of dirt or grit between contact surfaces. Grease is a mixture of a lubricant and a thickener; often it is made from a mineral oil and a soap. It may be applied in various ways: by packing enclosed parts with it, by pressing it onto moving parts from an adjacent well, by forcing it through grease cups by a spring device, and by pumping it through pressure guns. Solid lubricants are especially useful at high and low temperatures, in high vacuums, and in other applications where oil is not suitable; common solid lubricants are graphite and molybdenum disulfide. Application of Liquid Lubricants Liquid lubricants may be characterized in many different ways. One of the most common ways is by the type of base oil used. Following are the most common types. Lanolin (wool grease, natural water repellant) Water Mineral oils Vegetable (natural oil) Synthetic oils Other liquids Mechanical devices to supply lubricants are called lubricators. A simple form of lubricator is a container mounted over a bearing or other part and provided with a hole or an adjustable valve through which the lubricant is gravity-fed at the desired rate of flow. Wick-feed oilers are placed under moving parts, and by pressing against them they feed oil by capillary action. Horizontal bearings are frequently oiled by a rotating ring or chain that carries oil from a reservoir in the bearing housing and distributes it along the bearing through grooves or channels. Bath oiling is useful where an oil-tight reservoir can be provided in which the bearing journal may be submerged; the pool of oil helps to carry away heat from contact surfaces. Splash-oiling devices are used where gears, bearings, or other parts contained in housings have moving parts that dip into the lubricant and splash it on the bearings or into distribution channels. Centralized oiling systems usually consist of a reserv oir, pump, and tubes through which oil is circulated, while heaters or coolers may be introduced to change the viscosity of the lubricant for various parts of the system. Many oiling operations are automatically synchronized to start and stop with the machinery. P2) Describe the operation and maintenance of three different lubrication systems. Oil lubricating systems can be divided into three categories: Total loss. Self contained. Re-circulating. Total loss: lubrication points are always supplied with fresh lubricant (oil, fluid grease or grease) at specific intervals (time or machine cycle-dependent) during the lubricating cycle. It is the only system that allows the lubricating oil to drain away or evaporate. Self contained : With self contained lubrication, the oil is contained in a reservoir. A gearbox of a vehicle or a lathe is lubricated in this way. The gear are partly submerged in the oil, this process is called splash lubrication. Oil is carried up to the parts that are not submerged, and an oil mist is created inside the gearbox. Ring oiling is another self contained system in which the oil from a reservoir is carried up to the rotating parts of a mechanism. The ring which is rotating with a shaft is partly submerged in the oil and carries it up to the shaft bearings. Re-circulating: With re-circulating system, the oil from a reservoir is fed under pressure direct to the moving parts or delivered as a spray. The flow is continuous and after passing over the contact surfaces, the oil runs back into the reservoir under the effects of gravity. Maintainance: Oil lubrication systems should be checked weekly. This can be carried out by plant operators or maintenance engineering. If needed the tank or reservoir can be topped up taking care not to let any dirt into the system during the process. Systems should not be overfilled as this might caused increases resistance to splash lubricated parts. It might also lead up to overheating of the oil due to excessive churning. Dip sticks and sight gauges are usually provided to indicate the correct level or depth in reservoirs. Samples of lubricating oil are taken for laboratory analysis at regular intervals as part of a condition monitoring procedure. They are examined to see if they contain any solid wear particles. This can provide useful information to the plant manager and maintenance engineer as to the condition of the plant and machinery. All lubricating oils degrade over a period of time due to oxidation. They should be changed including the filters in a re-circulating system. Human should be careful of lubricating oils, since it can cause skin irritation, it can also lead up to cancer. So humans should always use safety equipments and should also wear protective clothing and maybe goggles for the eyes, when handling lubricating oils. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricant, engineering book P3) Describe the operation of one seal, one type of packing and two different types of bearing with a typical application for each one. Seals: For the task , I will be doing oil seal. Oil seals are flange packing having an elastomer lip bonded to a metal cup, these lips are loaded to accommodate shaft running out and helps in sealing. There are two types of oil seals. Single seals , which are recommended only for non-pressure service and are best against good lubricating media. And the other one is double sealing, which are normally used to handle pressure in eiher direction along the shaft. The main function of oil seal is to stop whatever fluid is inside from leaking out the clearance between the shaft and housing. Packing For packing, I will be explaining about gland packing seals. they are usually made of cotton, asbestos, flax or jute. In this packing, compressed synthetic fibers are also used and sometimes impregnated with graphite to assist lubrication. It has the advantage to withstand higher internal pressures than lip seals. in this packing, a collar is tightened so that packing material forms a seal around the shaft. A little amount of water for lubrication and cooling the packing is also allowed to drip to the atmosphere. It is normally used as a seal for both rotating and reciprocating shafts. Bearing: The purpose of the bearing is to support and locate rotating and reciprocating shafts or parts in machines and is to transmit force from one member to the other while allowing their relative motion/ movement to occur with the minimum resistance to motion. Two bearing I will choose for this task are plain bearing and roller bearing. Plain bearing: it is a typical bearing made of two parts. For e.g. a rotary plain bearing can be just a shaft through hole. A simple bearing can be pair of flat designed to allow motion. It has flat , cylindrical or spherical surfaces which slide relative to each other. It can be used to carry load in one of several ways depending on their operating conditions, surface, clearance and temperature. It may be used to comprise a rotating collar with a flat surface loaded against a plain or grooved thrust ring. It is also designed to withstand the forcve acting along the axis of the shaft, parallel to the axis of rotation. Roller bearing: this bearing carries a load by placing round elements between the two pieces. The relative motion of the pieces causes the round elements to roll with very little rolling resistance and with little sliding. A rolling element rotary bearing uses a shaft a much larger hole and cylinders called rollers tightly fill the space between shaft and hole. The bearing are often used for axles due to their low rolling friction. References: handout given by teachers P4) Describe two different types of screwed fastening and two different types of rivet giving a typical application for each one. Screwed fastening are used to make semi permanent joints which allow access and removal of fastened parts for maintenance and/or repairs. There are many types of screwed fastening of which the two I am going to mention here are nuts and studs and set screws. stud and nuts: it is a length of bar which has been threaded at each end, the shorter threaded end is screwed into the major component. It is used for inspecting machine cover needs to be removed regularly for maintenance purpose. Set screws: it is also known as machine screws however it does not used a nut. It is usually used to join a thin plate to a larger component. Screws are available with different shapes of head for different applications. It can be used as locking devices. P6)Describe the arrangement and operation of two different kinds of belt drive, two different kinds of chain drive and two different kinds of gear train. A) Belt drive: A belt drive is a method of transferring rotary motion between two shafts. A belt drive includes one pulley on each shaft and one or more continuous belts over the two pulleys. The motion of the driving pulley is, generally, transferred to the driven pulley via the friction between the belt and the pulley. Synchronous/timing belts have teeth and therefore do not depend on friction. Belt drives and gear transmissions have a much greater life expectancy than belt drives. Belt drives also have relatively high inspection and maintenance demands. There are many types of belt in which I am going to explain two of them; 1) Round belts Round belts are a circular cross section belt designed to run in a pulley with a circular (or near circular) groove. They are for use in low torque situations and may be purchased in various lengths or cut to length and joined, either by a staple, gluing or welding (in the case of polyurethane). Early sewing machines utilized a leather belt, joined either by a metal staple or glued, to great effect. 2) Ribbed belt A ribbed belt is a power transmission belt featuring lengthwise grooves. It operates from contact between the ribs of the belt and the grooves in the pulley. Its single-piece structure it reported to offer an even distribution of tension across the width of the pulley where the belt is in contact, a power range up to 600 kW, a high speed ratio, serpentine drives (possibility to drive off the back of the belt), long life, stability and homogeneity of the drive tension, and reduced vibration. The ribbed belt may be fitted on various applications : compressors, fitness bikes, agricultural machinery, food mixers, washing machines, lawn mowers, etc B) Chain drive: Device widely used for the transmission of power where shafts are separated at distances greater than that for which gears are practical. In such cases, sprockets (wheels with teeth shaped to mesh with a chain) take the place of gears and drive one another by means of a chain passing over the sprocket teeth. The chains used in conveyor belts are commonly block chains, and consist of solid or laminated blocks connected by side plates and pins. The blocks engage with teeth on sprocket wheels. Depending on the material being moved, buckets, hooks, or other devices are connected to the blocks. 1) Roller Chain: Motion transmitted using shaft mounted sprockets. Simplex chain consists of length of single links, duplex is length of double links, triplex is length of triple links. Chain drives should ideally be lubricated and regularly cleaned . However experience shows that this drive method will work for long periods without lubrication or maintenance 2) Inverted Tooth: Also called silent. Motion transferred via shaft mounted pinions (similar to gear wheels.) Higher power power capacities, higher speeds and smoother operation. These drive system definitely requires lubrication. (Oil bath, or spray.) C) Gear train: A combination of two or more gears used to transmit motion between two rotating shafts or between a shaft and a slide. It is a set or system of gears arranged to transfer rotational torque from one part of a mechanical system to another. 1) Simple Gear Train:It is made of few components, a small gear at the centre called the sun, several medium sized gears called the planets and a large external gear called the ring gear. The planet gear rolls and revolves about the sun gear and the ring gear rolls on the planet gear. 2) Simple Gear Train:The most common of the gear train is the gear pair connecting parallel shafts. The teeth of this type can be spur, helical or herringbone. The angular velocity is simply the reverse of the tooth ratio. The main limitation of a simple gear train is that the maximum speed change ratio is 10:1. For larger ratio, large size of gear trains are required. The sprockets and chain in the bicycle is an example of simple gear train. P7 Describe the arrangement and operation of two different kinds of transmission shaft and coupling, two different kinds of clutch and two different kinds of brake transmission shaft rotating shaft that transmits rotary motion from the engine to the differential Different types of shafts: Plain transmission Stepped shaft Machine tool spindle Railway rotating axle Non-rotating axle Crankshaft Propeller shaft Crankshaft The crankshaft is that part of an engine which converts linear piston motion into rotation. The crank and connecting rod mechanism was first used in Roman water mills, to convert the reciprocating motion into rotation, the crankshaft has crank throws or crankpins. More than one piston is attached to the crank to provide a smoother delivery of power to the rotating part, though many small engines such as those found in garden machinery, use only a single piston. The configuration of pistons in relation to each other and the crank and their number leads to descriptions such as straight-4 (four pistons in direct line), V6 or V8. Transmission shafts sizes vary from 10 to 100mm but it can go higher then these figures, the maximum length of shaft usually does not exceed 7m. Propeller shaft Propeller shafts transmit power between the source and the machine, the propeller shaft assembly consists of a propeller shaft, a slip joint, and one or more universal joints. This assembly provides a flexible connection through which power is transmitted from the transmission to the live axle. Axle is similar in shape to the shaft and support bending movements only. The propeller shaft may be solid or tubular. A solid shaft is stronger than a hollow or tubular shaft of the same diameter, but a hollow shaft is stronger than a solid shaft of the same weight. A slip joint is put at one end of the propeller shaft to take care of end play. The driving axle, attached to the springs, is free to move up and down, while the transmission is attached to the frame and cannot move. Couplings A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. The primary purpose of couplings is to join two pieces of rotating equipment while permitting some degree of misalignment or end movement or both. By using couplings, savings can be made in reduced maintenance costs and downtime. Thompson coupling Thompson coupling is a constant velocity universal joint that can be loaded axially and continue to maintain constant velocity over a range of input and output shaft angles with low friction and vibration. It consists of two cardan joints assembled within each other, so eliminating the intermediate shaft along with a control yoke that geometrically constrains their alignment. The use of cardan joints within the Thompson Coupling is to reduce the wear, heat and friction. The Oldham coupling The Oldham coupling transmits rotary motion between shafts that are parallel but not always in perfect alignment. Oldham couplings consist of three members, a floating member is trapped by 90 displaced grooves between the two outer members which connect to the drive shafts. Oldham couplings can bear lateral shaft misalignments up to 10% of nominal shaft diameters and up to 3 angular misalignments. Clutch: A clutch is a mechanism for transmitting rotation, which can be engaged and disengaged. Clutches are useful in devices that have two rotating shafts. In these devices, one shaft is typically driven by a motor or pulley, and the other shaft drives another device. Friction clutch: it connects two separate pieces of shaft, it also has levers and springs to disengage/engage plates. The primary disadvantage of friction clutches is the regular maintenance and adjustment that are required, mating parts will wear due to friction (resulting in slippage), springs will lose memory, and other parts will need replacement or adjustment. Positive clutch: A clutch designed to transmit torque without slip. It consists of two mating surfaces with interconnecting elements, such as teeth, that lock together during engagement to prevent slipping. Positive clutches are also known as mechanical lockup clutches. Brake: A specific type of clutch that slows and stops motion by engaging a rotating shaft and a fixed component. Disc brake The disc brake or disk brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. A brake disc (or rotor in U.S. English), usually made of cast iron or ceramic composites (including carbon, Kevlar and silica), is connected to the wheel and/or the axle. To stop the wheel, friction material in the form of brake pads (mounted on a device called a brake caliper) is forced mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically against both sides of the disc. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Brakes (both disc and drum) convert friction to heat, but if the brakes get too hot, they will cease to work because they cannot dissipate enough heat. This condition of failure is known as brake fade. Hydraulic brake The hydraulic brake is an arrangement of braking mechanism which uses brake fluid, typically containing ethylene glycol, to transfer pressure from the controlling unit, which is usually near the operator of the vehicle, to the actual brake mechanism, which is usually at or near the wheel of the vehicle. P8 Describe with the aid of diagrams the general layout and operation of a pneumatic actuation system, a hydraulic actuation system and a mechanical handling system Pneumatic autuation system: A pneumatic actuation system is capable of directing an amount of fluid to the contained volume such that a pressure within the contained volume exceeds a pressure external to the contained volume by a predefined positive pressure. With the pressure controller, It can also adjust the pressure within the contained volume when the pressure external to the contained volume changes. The educator can draw fluid from the contained volume to thereby decrease the pressure within the contained volume. The valve is controllably operable in either a pressure mode or a vacuum mode, where the valve either permits the pressure controller to provide fluid to the contained volume, or permits the educator to draw fluid from the contained volume. As such, the system provides precision pressure control over a broad range of external pressures while compensating for rapid pressure changes. Fig. example of pneumatic aculator. Hydraulic actuation system: A hydraulic system for a sterndrive marine propulsion device directs the flow of hydraulic fluid through the body and peripheral components of a gimbal ring in order to reduce the number and length of flexible hydraulic conduits necessary to conduct pressurized hydraulic fluid from a pump to one or more hydraulic cylinders used to control the trim or tilt of a marine drive unit relative to a gimbal housing. Mechanical handling system: Mechanical handling is simply a row of roller/cylindrical or triangle cross-sectional component. They are mostly covered by a long belt but it is not necessary. The rollers or what ever it is used are rotating and the product/component will be moving along and the other rollers will pull it along like the image is shown below. The component/product will move until it reaches its destination or the end of the roller P9 Describe with the aid of diagrams the general layout and operation of a steam power generation plant, a refrigeration system and an air conditioning system. refrigeration system BASIC REFRIGERATION PRINCIPLES If you were to place a hot cup of coffee on a table and leave it for a while, the heat in the coffee would be transferred to the materials in contact with the coffee, i.e. the cup, the table and the surrounding air. As the heat is transferred, the coffee in time cools. Using the same principle, refrigeration works by removing heat from a product and transferring that heat to the outside air. REFRIGERATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS There are five basic components of a refrigeration system, these are: Evaporator Compressor Condenser Expansion Valve Refrigerant; to conduct the heat from the product In order for the refrigeration cycle to operate successfully each component must be present within the refrigeration system. The Evaporator The purpose of the evaporator is to remove unwanted heat from the product, via the liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant contained within the evaporator is boiling at a low-pressure. The level of this pressure is determined by two factors: The rate at which the heat is absorbed from the product to the liquid refrigerant in the evaporator The rate at which the low-pressure vapour is removed from the evaporator by the compressor To enable the transfer of heat, the temperature of the liquid refrigerant must be lower than the temperature of the product being cooled. Once transferred, the liquid refrigerant is drawn from the evaporator by the compressor via the suction line. When leaving the evaporator coil the liquid refrigerant is in vapour form. The Compressor The purpose of the compressor is to draw the low-temperature, low-pressure vapour from the evaporator via the suction line. Once drawn, the vapour is compressed. When vapour is compressed it rises in temperature. Therefore, the compressor transforms the vapour from a low-temperature vapour to a high-temperature vapour, in turn increasing the pressure. The vapour is then released from the compressor in to the discharge line. The Condenser The purpose of the condenser is to extract heat from the refrigerant to the outside air. The condenser is usually installed on the reinforced roof of the building, which enables the transfer of heat. Fans mounted above the condenser unit are used to draw air through the condenser coils.The temperature of the high-pressure vapour determines the temperature at which the condensation begins. As heat has to flow from the condenser to the air, the condensation temperature must be higher than that of the air; usually between 12Â °C and -1Â °C. The high-pressure vapour within the condenser is then cooled to the point where it becomes a liquid refrigerant once more, whilst retaining some heat. The liquid refrigerant then flows from the condenser in to the liquid line. The Expansion Valve Within the refrigeration system, the expansion valve is located at the end of the liquid line, before the evaporator. The high-pressure liquid reaches the expansion valve, having come from the condenser. The valve then reduces the pressure of the refrigerant as it passes through the orifice, which is located inside the valve. On reducing the pressure, the temperature of the refrigerant also decreases to a level below the surrounding air. This low-pressure, low-temperature liquid is then pumped in to the evaporator M1) . Compare and contrast the operation and uses of flat plate clutches, centrifugal clutches and fluid couplings in mechanical power transmission systems flat plate clutches centrifugal clutches fluid couplings The fluid coupling is operated simply by a hydraulic fluid and the driver bladed wheel. The driver wheel rotates and rotates the fluid in between follows it along and cause the driven bladed wheel to rotate along the hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic and driven bladed wheel are still under motion even if the driver bladed wheel stops. The friction disc is sandwiched between the machined surfaces of the flywheel and the pressure plate when the pressure plate is bolted to the outer edge of the flywheel face. The clamping force on the friction facings is provided by the diaphragm spring. Unloaded, it is a dished shape. As the pressure plate cover tightens, it pivots on its fulcrum rings, and flattens out to exert a force on the pressure plate, and the facings. It is used in gears, turbine and many more. A clutch operated by centrifugal force from the speed of rotation of a shaft, as when heavy expanding friction shoes act on the internal surface of a rim clutch, or a flyball-type mechanism is used to activate clutching surfaces on cones and disks. Weights wherein each weight has an arc-shaped clutch shoe and is pivotally mounted with a lever foot on a carrier disc on the drive end of the clutch. After reaching a specific rpm, the clutch shoes are pressed under the action of centrifugal force against the inner wall surface of a clutch drum for providing friction-tight torque transmission. The clutch drum surrounds the clutch shoes. The centrifugal clutch includes a carrier disc on which the centrifugal weights are pivotally mounted. A cover disc is held axially tight at the sides of the centrifugal weights which lie opposite the carrier disc. This cover disc radially covers the clutch shoes so that axial guide play is provided. It is used in generators. Device used to transmit rotating mechanical power. It has been used in automobile transmissions as an alternative to a mechanical clutch. There is no mechanical interconnection between the impeller and the rotor (i.e. the driving and driven units) and the power is transmitted by virtue of the fluid filled in the coupling. The impeller when rotated by the prime mover imparts velocity and energy to the fluid, which is converted into mechanical energy in the rotor thus rotating it. It is used n aviation, engineering companies and many more. M2) Compare and contrast the operation and use of pneumatic and hydraulic actuation systems Pneumatic autuation system: A pneumatic actuation system is capable of directing an amount of fluid to the contained volume such that a pressure within the contained volume exceeds a pressure external to the contained volume by a predefined positive pressure. With the pressure controller, It can also adjust the pressure within the contained volume when the pressure external to the contained volume changes. The educator can draw fluid from the contained volume to thereby decrease the pressure within the contained volume. The valve is controllably operable in either a pressure mode or a vacuum mode, where the valve either permits the pressure controller to provide fluid to the contained volume, or permits the educator to draw fluid from the contained volume. As such, the system provides precision pressure control over a broad range of external pressures while compensating for rapid pressure changes. pneumatic actuator system provides the advantage of lower weight and more economical construction. One distinct adv antage of a pneumatic system is that it may utilize a source of bottled gas or the like as a potential energypower source. Fig. example of pneumatic aculator. Hydraulic actuation system: A hydraulic system for a sterndrive marine propulsion device directs the flow of hydraulic fluid through the body and peripheral components of a gimbal ring in order to reduce the number and length of flexible hydraulic conduits necessary to conduct pressurized hydraulic fluid from a pump to one or more hydraulic cylinders used to control the trim or tilt of a marine drive unit relative to a gimbal housing. advantages of pneumatic acutators over hydruallic actuators Relatively cheaper. The force transmitter, air, is freely available. Cleaner system as air leakage do not create a mess. Hydraulic oil becomes very hot after continuous use. Can cause injury if someone comes in contact. Generally have open circuits and we dont have to worry about the return circuit. Justify the use of Shell Tellus oil 27 lubricant and the splash lubrication system in the lathe machines in the College machine shop. Shell Tellus Oils oil 27 are premium quality hydraulic oils generally acknowledged to be the standard-setter in the field of engineering hydraulic and fluid power lubrication. The Shell Tellus oil 27 lubricants are mineral oils.It has an active anti-corrosion additive effectively protects hydraulic systems from corrosion. Water collects in the lubrication system due to condensation with soluble cutting fluid and is emulsified to provide further protection. It has excellent anti wear which means that lathe machine can be used for longer unlike other lubricants, it also helps improve the efficiency of filtration systems to reach system cleanliness targets.The dirt can also clean easily off. The lubricant provides anti-war and increase the resistance of the lathe material surface. It also helps to operate under high temperature; actually it works as a coolant. The lubricant also does a quick air release without excessive foaming. Other point is that the lubricant has very low environmental impact because of the zinc free technology. It also doesnt react with other chemical when it is in use. Shell tellus oil 27 has high lubrication properties and excellent low friction characteristics in hydraulic systems operating at low or high speed. Prevents stick-slip problems in critical applications enabling very fine control of machinery.

The Sanctity Of Oaths In Medea :: essays research papers

Medea The Sanctity of Oaths Through the play Medea, Euripides shows us the importance of keeping a promise given. At the beginning of the story, we see the play's two opposing views of promise keeping represented by the Nurse and the Tutor. As she stands outside of Medea's house and laments the way Jason has slighted Medea by taking another wife, the Nurse speaks of the 'eternal promise'; Jason and Medea made to each other on their wedding day (17-21). The Nurse wishes Jason were dead for the way he has abandoned his wife and children, so strongly does she feel vows should not be broken (83). When the Tutor enters the scene, he expresses a much more cynical view regarding Jason's decision to leave his wife. He asks the nurse, 'Have you only just discovered / That everyone loves himself more than his neighbor? / Some have good reason, others get something out of it. / So Jason neglects his children for the new bride'; (85-88). The Tutor feels that Jason's leaving Medea is only a part of life, as 'Old ties give place to new ones';. Jason "No longer has a feeling'; for his family with Medea, so he leaves her to marry the princess who will bring him greater power (76-77). Medea is outraged that she sacrificed so much to help Jason, only to have him revoke his pledge to her for his own selfish gain. She asks him whether he thinks the gods whose names he swore by have ceased to rule, thereby allowing him to break his promise to her. Medea vows to avenge her suffering by destroying Jason's new family and his children. When Jason curses his wife for her murdering at the end of the play, she says to him, 'What heavenly power lends an ear / To a breaker of oaths, a deceiver?

Paganism vs Christianity

Pagan vs. Christian The holy Catholic Religion had a drastic Christian like impact on the barbarian, Viking Pagans of the Anglo-Saxon Age in England (Elements of Literature 11). The Catholics evolved the aggressive Pagan Vikings into a peaceful society (Williams). Also, the Catholics substituted their warlike religion and after-life to a more holy and Christian like religion (Chaney 197-217). Along with the altering of the Pagan society and religion, the Catholics also transformed the Pagans dominant government style to a more civilized and unified one (Williams).The Pagans did not expect their society, religion, and government would be shifted to a Christian like style, but it did (Elements of Literature 11). The calm Catholics transformed the brutal Pagan Vikings into a more civilized society (Williams). After the transformation the Pagan’s tribal like communities was changed to towns with Castles (Williams). Also the Pagan’s tradition of oral literature being told by the scop was changed to written language in which the monks wrote (Williams).The unimportance of women in the Pagan society was changed when Virgin Mary the patriot saint helped raise the status of women (Williams). Along changing the type of society the Pagans were accustomed to into a more modern one like the Catholics there was also a change in religious beliefs (Elements of Literature 11 ). The Pagans believed in a warrior death and after-life while the Catholics believed in a holy peaceful religion, this was another alteration the Catholics made upon the Pagans (Chaney 197-217).The Pagans believed there was many gods and the best place to go after death was Valhalla while the Catholics believed in one God and Heaven was the best place after death (Chaney 197-217). The Catholics had an idol to live up to which was Jesus, the son of God, while the Pagans fought in battle to please Valkyries, whom was said to be the person who chose who died in battle (Chaney 197-217). The Pagans lived to die in battle, they believed dying in battle was heroic, the Catholics believed in living a sin free life and living a peaceful after-life (Chaney 197-217). Along with the changing of the Pagan’s arbarian society and warrior like religion the Catholics also evolved their tribal government into a more modern type (Elements of Literature 11). The Pagans believed in the strongest warrior being the King, or leader of the tribe, while the Catholics believed God chose who the heir to the throne would be (Williams). The Pagan king was known to be the bravest of all warriors but Catholics substituted the bravery for education and began to educate the Pagans (WIlliams). The Catholics also crated a Parliament in the Pagan tribe, which was something they lacked before ( WIlliams).Pagan warriors believed the strongest of all died to protect the king after the Catholics had an impact of their lifestyle it was believed there was a Diving Right of King (Williams). The Catholics un ified England with their transformation of the Pagan lifestyle (Elements of Literature 11). In the end the Pagans resulted in a peaceful society in which provided a common system of morality (Elements of Literature 11 ). The Catholics also provided the Pagans with a common faith of Christianity in which was more peaceful (Chaney 197-217).The most important gift the Catholics gave to the pagans was the transformation of a warrior leader to a militant but yet strategic leader to run a more civilized government (Elements of Literature 11). The calm Christians of the Catholic religion had a positive influence on the barbarous Pagans off the Anglo-Saxon Age in England ( Williams). Although there were many changes made to the Pagan lifestyle there were many more that needed to be made in order for them to be a more civilized nation of what present day England is like today (Elements of Literature 11).

Operational Decision Making

Operational Decision Making Company Description Rotana Jet Aviation, also known as Rotana Airways, is one of the leading domestic airlines in the United Arab Emirates. This airline company has its main operating base in Al†Bateen Airport, which is about 10 kilometers from Abu Dhabi City. The company offers travel services to both the domestic and international passengers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Operational Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has been keen to offer quality services to its customers. This is reflected in its mission statement that says, â€Å"To offer quality travel services to domestic and international travelers at reasonable costs.† The company has been experiencing growth in the market, especially after adding new international routes to the previously existing routes. Description of Operations It is important to understand the operational activities of Rotana Jet, and the m eans through which it turns its inputs into output. As stated above, this firm offers travel services to its clients in the market. One of the main inputs of this firm is the planes used to deliver the service. The firm purchases the planes (input) which it uses to offer the travel services (output) to the clients from one location to another. Another important input that the firm has been using is the entertainment facilities, especially the music system fitted in the seats. This input is used to offer entertainment services to its clients. The firm uses coffee, water, and sugar as inputs, to make coffee as the product for its clients while on board their planes. As Bruce (40) observes, the current competitive market in the airline industry is forcing the airline companies to offer better quality products in order to attract a pool of loyal customer. This explains why Rotana Jet is keen on offering their clients drinks and entertainment services. Another important input that this f irm uses in its operations is the human labor, which includes pilots and cabin crew. The pilots work to ensure that clients are flown from one location to another, while other cabin crews work as a team to ensure that the journey is more enjoyable for the customers. Supply Chain Decisions In the current competitive market, firms are keen to ensure that they employ the best strategy in their supply chain management. This is because they are under pressure to ensure that they are efficient in their operations. Sauter (73) observes that there is need to ensure that acquisition of raw materials, their movement to the firm, and distribution strategies used by a firm are very efficient in order to increase profitability.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rotana Jets has been keen to ensure that its supply chain is managed appropriately to deliver the desired results i n the market. The diagram below shows some of the most important activities that the operations manager will be concerned with in supply chain management. The products, especially the jets will be coming directly from the manufacturer to the firm. Once this is received, the firm will use the input to offer travel services to the customer. Operations manager will always need to make a decision of whether to make such orders through well-established agents in the market, or to contact the manufacturer directly. This decision will always be guided by the associated costs. One of the main strategies that this firm has been using in the market to increase its productivity is cost leadership. This means that Rotana Jet’s operations manager would determine the options available in the supply chain, and determine the associated costs at each stage in the activities identified above. The firm would then make a decision on the option that is most efficient and cost effective. Accordin g to Sauter (51), in supply chain management, firms are always concerned of the best approach to use in order to ensure that they get inputs in time and at the most desirable plans so that a chain of other activities can begin. Given the cost leadership strategy that this firm has been using, it is important for the operational manager to ensure that the decision on the approach to take in acquiring the inputs is conscious of these factors. The management should ensure that the product is always ready whenever the customers need them. Operational Decisions Understanding critical operational decisions within a firm is one of the ways through which a firm can gain competitive advantage in the market (Mahadevan 81). One of the most important critical operational decisions is the choice of product design. Rotana Jet must devise a way to design its products in a manner that will give it an advantage in the market.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Operational Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a fact that all airlines offer travel services to their customers. However, Rotana must design its products in a unique manner that will help differentiate its services in the market. The management should make a decision to design unique seats, customized entertainment services, high quality customer care, and other unique qualities to its products. These decisions would have a direct contribution to the overall strategy of the firm. The identified decision areas focus on improving quality of services of this firm in the market. They are directly concerned of how Rotana Jet will offer positively unique service to its customers. This means that the operations manager must consider making these decisions out of the desire to offer quality service to its customers at reasonable prices. For this to be achieved, the management must ensure that costs of production are maintained as low as po ssible. Productivity According to Anderson (56), a firm should have a clear way of measuring productivity. This will help it when determining the sustainability of its operations. At Rotana Jets, the need to measure productivity is very strong. This is because of the increasing competition in this market, and the rising costs of production. The main approach of measuring productivity in this firm is through determining the output that is made of the operational activities. The output will be measured through sales made after a given trading period. The firm would then determine the associated costs during that period. The productivity would then be determined by deducting the costs from sales to find the profits. The profits will help in understanding the productivity of the firm. The profits generated should be reasonable enough to sustain operational activities of this company, and be able to foster development. To improve productivity of this company, the operational manager shou ld expand the scope of the firm’s internet marketing to include social media marketing. This is because social media such as Facebook and Tweeter are used by a large number of people who can form part of the customer base of this firm. This strategy will also help this firm create viral marketing in the internet.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Anderson, David. An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making. Mason: South-Western, 2008. Print. Bruce, Peter. Understanding Decision-Making Processes in Airline. New York: Cengage, 2012. Print. Mahadevan, Bernard. Operations Management: Theory and Practice. Upper Saddle River: Pearson, 2010. Print. Sauter, Vicki. Decision Support Systems for Business Intelligence. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Print. Appendix Cabin Crew Offering Value-Added Service to the Customers

What Is Model UN 4 Reasons to Join

What Is Model UN 4 Reasons to Join SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you interested in politics or international relations and looking for a club that lets you do you hands-on activities?Have you heard of Model UN but aren’t sure exactly what it is? Read this guide to learn everything you need to know about what Model UN is, what participants in it do, and how to decide if it’s the right extracurricular for you to join. What Is Model UN? Model United Nations, often referred to as Model UN or MUN, is an extracurricular most commonly for high school students, but also available to college and middle school students. Model UN is a simulation of UN organizations such as theUN General Assembly, UN Security Council, UNICEF, and others. Its participants take the roles of ambassadors from various countries anddebate current issues.Model UNwas developed in the 1950s as a way to give students hands-on learningininternational relations, diplomacy, and the United Nations.Over 400,000 students around the world participate in Model UN each year. What Do Model UN Participants Do? The core of Model UN is its simulations of UN conferences where students (known as Model UN delegates) role playas UN ambassadors and delegates. If you join Model UN, you will be doing a variety of activities, includingresearching,debating, andcoming up with solutions with members of other countries.These simulations occur at Model UN conferences, which can be regional, national, or international. Conferencescan have anywhere from 30 to over 3,000 participants. When your Model UN team joins a conference, your team will be assigned a country and an issue relevant to that country that is currently being discussed in the UN. You can request a certain country, but you are not guaranteed to get it. Forexample, you may be chosen to represent Nicaragua at the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). At the conference you attend, you will have to convince the other delegates to make decisions in your country’s favor. If you have a larger Model UN team, you may be assigned multiple countries or issues, and the team will break into smaller groups to cover each one.Conferences occur throughout the year, but you will be given at least a few weeks, and usually several months, to prepare your position before you attend the conference. Before theConference: In order to prepare for conferences, delegates must study the country and the issue they have been assignedandbecome well-informed on both.Most conferences require you to write a position paper that outlines your country’s position on the topic as well as suggestions you have for how to resolve the issue. If you’re representing Nicaragua for the ECLAC, you will need to research topics such as what sectors have the largest impact on the country’s economy, long-term and short-term economic trends in Nicaragua, if there are groups largely excluded from contributing to the economy (such as women or certain ethnic groups), who Nicaragua’s primary trade partners are, what the countryimports and exports, and multiple other topics. After discussing these issues in the position paper, you will have to come up with ways to improve Nicaragua’s economic situation. UN General AssemblyHall in New York City During theConference: Students will be organized based on the committees or councils they are part of, so all the members of the ECLAC would meet together. Each group will have a chair who will moderate the discussions. The chair is often an older student or adult. Delegates then give a speech outlining their country’s position on the issues and offering possible solutions. Most of this information will come from your position paper.After each delegate has presented their country’s position and potential solutions, there are question and answer sessions and debates (known as â€Å"caucusing†). The main goal during the conference is for your committee to develop a written resolution. After you have discussed different countries’ viewpoints, debated, and agreed on solutions, the entire group will work together to writethe resolution. The resolution will explain the issue your committee is focusing on and give a series of guidelinesin order to solve it. After the resolution is written, the committee will vote on it. If your resolution passes, that is a mark of your committee’s ability to work together and compromise well.Awards are also often given out at conferences to top delegates in each committee. These are often delegates who had well-designed position papers, debated effectively, worked well with other members, and took an active role in developing the written resolution. How CanYou Start a Model UN Group at Your School? If your school already has a Model UN group, you can probably join it the way you would join any other school club. If there is no Model UN club at your school, then you can also start your own. We have a guide that gives step-by-step instructions on how to start your own club, and we also have some specific tips for starting a Model UN club below. First, you’ll need a teacher to act as the adviserfor your Model UN club. When you apply to start a Model UN team, your school may assign a teacher, but, if not, consider asking a social studies teacher who likely has a strong background in the issues that Model UN discusses. After you have recruited members and set up meeting times, the next step is to choose which conference(s) to attend. Currently, over 400 conferences take place all over the world. You can search online for conferences, and a list of larger conferences is also available here. For new clubs, you may want to choose a conference that is close to your school in order to make traveling easier and less expensive. It’s possible for a Model UN team to sign up for multipleconferences, butif your team is just starting out, you may want to begin with only one or two conferences a year to make sure members aren't overwhelmed with work. Also, because new teams usually don't get first pick for what country they'd like to represent, if you'd like to represent a larger country like China or the US, you have a better chance of getting your first choice at a smaller conference. Be aware though that representing a larger country often requires more research and preparation. Once you have a conference selected, your team will be assigned at least one country and committee to represent.You can now divide up roles and begin researching. What Are the Benefits of Joining Model UN? Now that you know what Model UN is, what are the benefits of joining it? Model UN can be a great addition to a resume or college application, and I've discussed four of itsmost important benefits below. Benefit #1: Hands-On Experience in Politics, International Relations, and Current Events If you are planning a career in international relations, politics, or you’re simply really interested in these topics, Model UN is one of the best extracurriculars you can join because it gives you hands-on experience in these areas.Most of the time, students interested in these subjectscan only learn about them in class or by reading on their own.While this is a great way to get more information, itusually isn’t a very interactive experience. Model UN involves many of the same activities that actual UN delegates participate in, which is a great way to learn how different countries and committees work together to solve problems.Model UN conferences also focus on current issues, so you will be learning about relevant current events that are likely being discussed and debated around the world. Hands-on experience can makeunderstanding ideas and concepts easier, looks stronger on college applications because it requires more work, and is often more fun to participate in as well. Benefit #2: Improve Public Speaking and Debate Skills During a Model UN conference, you will spend a lot of yourtime giving speeches and debating with other delegates, which can really improve your skills in these areas. Public speaking and debate skills are useful for almost every career, so no matter what kind of job you want in the future, boosting your skills in these areas will likely benefit you down the line. Benefit #3: Learn Teamwork Skills Every step of Model UN requires teamwork, whether it’s dividing up research assignments, writing a position paper, orcreating a speech. At the conference, teamwork becomes even more important because you must work with the other delegates to come up with solutions that everyone is happy with and write a resolution paper together. Model UN delegates often gain experience in conflict resolution, consensus building, and negotiations, which are teamwork experiences many other clubs don’t offer. Strong teamwork skills are very important to colleges because they want to admit students who will work well with their classmates and other students on campus. Having strong teamwork experiences such as the ones you can get through Model UN can help strengthen your college applications. Benefit #4: Possibility of Travel If you participate in Model UN, there is also the possibility of traveling to new cities or even new countries.Model UN conferences are held around the world, and if your team can afford to travel to a foreign conference, you can get the added benefits of exploring a new placeand culture, as well as meeting students from other countries. If you join Model UN, you may get to travel to some exciting places for conferences. Soshould you join Model UN? If you have enough time in your schedule and are at all interested in international relations, politics, debating, or public speaking, then Model UN can be a great extracurricular to get involved in because it includes a lot of hands-on, relevant work and can be a strong addition tocollege applications. If you're still unsure, drop by a meeting at your school to get a sense of what joining the club would be like. Summary Model UN is a club for middle school, high school, or college students whose members simulate UN committees. Model UN members are assigned at least one country and committee. They research the country and the relevant issues to prepare for a conference. At the conference, students representing many countries and issues come together to debate their positions and agree on solutions. Model UN is a great extracurricular for students looking to learn more about politics, current events, or international relations and for students who want to improve their public speaking or debate skills. You can learn more about Model UN here. What's Next? Looking for other after-school activities? We have a list of over 200 extracurricular ideas, and it's sure to include something that interests you! Considering community service or volunteer work? We have a guide to the nine best places to do community service! Interested in more opportunities for travel? Read our guide on volunteer abroad programs and learn if they're really the best option for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: